There is a lot to be said about how to compose your photos so I've decided to split this subject into two posts. However, before we start talking about composition ideas, let me just say that there are a few cardinal rules about composition.
1. As yourself what you want to photograph and photograph it and nothing else. Anything extra in your photo should enhance the subject and never draw attention away from it. This is a common problem with "tourist" shots. People want their photo taken in front of the waterfall or the church or the statue to remind them that they were there. Well, actually, if you have the photo then
that is the reminder. If you put your face in front of it, you draw attention away from the most important part: that amazing place you visited. Spend your time focusing on the magnificent beauty you're beholding, not on how your hair looks in the last 10 frames.
This is a really good example of the awkward "we were here!" photo. The giant Buddha was cool but we really didn't need another photo of us together. We knew we had been there. Not to mention we just look awful!
2. Fill your frame. Forget this whole "in a land far, far away" thing and fill your frame with your subject. If you got to a tennis match and your favorite player is up, zoom in! Get close and put that person in the photo! If your frame is too far back, you'll lose the magic. A good rule for portraits, no face should ever be smaller than a nickle no matter what size of print it is.
Here's a good example of where I should have filled my frame:
I
love this picture because this old Vietnamese woman is trying so hard to row against the rain and wind in the storm in her little boat while all the bigger ones are safely anchored. But the photo is so far away that the focus is a bit lost on her. She's a little too small and it's easy to be distracted by the other boats. If I had actually used that zoom of mine, it would have been much, much better!
Okay, the good stuff! With those two cardinal rules in mind, let's talking about composition ideas and styles.
The Rule of Thirds
This is your classic photography rule. Basically, the idea is that if you draw two lines in equal measure across your photo horizontally and vertically--splitting your photo into three sections of equal siz, anything under the four intersecting points will naturally draw the eye.
As you can see, the top right intersection is perfectly placed on the forehead of the woman as is the top left intersection on the woman in the background. But more so, that top line connects all four women which allows the eye to easily move between them and makes the photo feel more connected.
The Middle
My old art teacher, Dan Rice, used to say never put anything in the center unless it's really important because the center is a powerful and confronting place. In many ways Dan is right. A centrally placed subject can be very confronting and will always grab the viewer's attention.
This photo is of the Armenian Genocide Memorial and Eternal Flame in Yerevan, Armenia. It is a very solemn place where visitors are compelled to hold their breath in silent honor for the dead. I took a lot of photos here and sure, many of them were off-center, but it was the center one that worked best. Why? Because these slain Armenians demand our attention and should be the focus of the photo.
Of course, you can do whatever you want--rules were meant to be broken! But just remember than the center is your special place to make a statement so choose wisely!
Reflections
Reflections are a great way to make an ordinary scene abstract! I've taken lots of photos this way before using monorail windows, mirrors, picture frames, windows--you name it! Perhaps the most over-used example is the sunglasses (but I still like it anyway).
Patterns
Everything in nature has a patter be it the buds on a fern or the veins in a feather. But artificial things have patterns too! Any pattern will capture the viewers attention. And remember, symmetry in patterns isn't necessarily a requirement!
Sense of Movement
Are you watching a dance? At a sports came? Or maybe you're just on the beach and looking at waves? Movement is all around us and just because your picture is a still doesn't mean everything has to be still! Lengthen your shutter speed to blur the moving parts and put some action into your shot!
The Moment
When I was a kid I used to be fascinated by light switches and I would flip them over and over, trying to slow things down enough that I could find the exact moment when the light switched on. I really wanted to know what happened between on and off! I think most people have are curious too about that moment and capturing it on film will definitely capture your viewer's attention!
This is one of those moments! Even though the balloon is actually behind the minaret and a long way off, the silhouette makes them look level with each other and just about to collide! It's that tiny sliver of light in between the two that catches people's attention!
Vanishing Points
Have you ever stared down a long, straight and empty road and wondered how far it went? Or stared across the ocean and wondered where the end was and why you couldn't see it? That's vanishing points in a nutshell: the subject leading away from you until it simply vanishes.
Okay, so this photos was taken with a fisheye lens which helps a bit but really, you can do these kind of photos with any lens! All you need is perspective!
Look Up or Look Down
Sometimes we get so pre-occupied looking ahead that we forget there is a world above and a world below! Looking up or down can sometimes be just the thing you need!
This was actually a big art installation piece on the beach and by chance I looked up to find these amazing patters and shapes around me which made one awesome photo!
Where the Action is
Never forget that as a photographer, you are looking for the height of every moment--the point where excitement, tension, passion, movement can go no further!
This was taken at the city festival in my old town Jeomchon, in Korea. At the festival, my girls were yelling a song and flashing their jackets as they went. This of course, was the height of the moment after which they rolled their hands and flashed in the other direction--sweeping from side to side. So I waited for them to open their jackets again and yell, and there it is! The moment! That's where you take your photo! Patience and practice will teach you to anticipate those moments.
Want more? Come back on Wednesday for part 2 of composition!